Cómo presentar un Negocio en Powerpoint: La Regla 10/20/30 - Por Guy Kawasaki

Yo sufro de algo llamado enfermedad de Ménière, pero no se preocupe, no se contagia con la lectura de este post. Los síntomas de la enfermedad de Ménière incluyen pérdida de la audición, tinnitus (un zumbido constante) y vértigo. Hay muchas teorías médicas sobre su causa: exceso de sal, cafeína o alcohol en la dieta, el exceso de estrés y las alergias. Por lo tanto, he trabajado para limitar el control de todos estos factores.

Sin embargo, tengo otra teoría. Como inversor de capital de riesgo, tengo que escuchar a cientos de empresarios en lapresentación de sus emprendimientos. La mayoría de estas presentaciones son basura: Sesenta diapositivas sobre: "Una patente pendiente", "La ventaja de ser el primero", "todo lo que tenemos que hacer es conseguir un 1% de la gente en China para comprar nuestro producto" para comenzar. Estas presentaciones son tan malas que estoy perdiendo la vista, tengo un zumbido constante en mi oído, y de vez en cuando el mundo comienza a girar.

Para evitar una epidemia de Ménière en la comunidad de capital de riesgo, estoy evangelizando conla Regla 10/20/30 de PowerPoint. Es muy simple: una presentación en PowerPoint debe tener diez diapositivas, que no duren más de veinte minutos, y que no utilicen ningún tipo de letra de tamaño menor a treinta puntos. A lo largo del tiempo que llevo en el negocio de capitales de riesgo, esta regla se aplica para cualquier presentación para llegar a un acuerdo: por ejemplo, la búsqueda de capital, para hacer una venta, para formar una sociedad, etc.

- Diez diapositivas. Diez es el número óptimo de diapositivas en una presentación de PowerPoint, porque un ser humano normal no puede comprender más de diez conceptos en una reunión y los capitalistas de riesgo son personas muy normales. (La única diferencia entre usted y el capitalista de riesgo es que a él le pagan por jugar con el dinero de otros). Si tiene que usar más de diez diapositivas para explicar su negocio, usted probablemente no tiene un negocio. Los diez temas que un capitalista de riesgo le interesan son los siguientes:

1. El Problema
2. Tu solución
3. El modelo de negocio
4. Ventaja Competitiva
5. Marketing y ventas
6. Competencia
7. El Equipo
8. Proyecciones Financieras
9. Situación Actual y Programa de avance
10. El Resumen y la necesidad de la acción

- Usted debe exponer las diapositivas diez en veinte minutos. Claro, usted cuenta con un margen de tiempo de una hora, pero estás usando una laptop con Windows, por lo tanto te llevará cuarenta minutos para lograr que funcione con el proyector. Incluso si la configuración va perfectamente, la gente llega tarde y tienen que salir temprano. En un mundo perfecto, usted haría su exposición en veinte minutos, y tendría cuarenta minutos de sobra para el debate.

- Fuente de treinta puntos. La mayoría de las presentaciones que veo tienen texto en una fuente de diez puntos. Se ha amontonado tanto texto como se pudo en la diapositiva y, por consecuencia, el presentador la lee. Sin embargo, tan pronto como la audiencia se da cuenta que usted está leyendo el texto, se hace notorio que puede leer más rápido de lo que puede hablar. El resultado es que usted y el público están fuera de sincronía.

La razón la gente utiliza una fuente pequeña es doble: primero, que no conocen su material lo suficientemente bien, en segundo lugar, piensan que el mucho texto es más convincente. Esfuérzate por no utilizar fuente más pequeña que treinta puntos. Yo le garantizo que va a mejorar su presentación, ya que le exige a usted que encuentre los puntos más importantes y que sepa cómo explicarlos bien. Si "treinta puntos", le parece demasiado dogmático, le ofrezco un algoritmo: averiguar la edad de la mayor persona de su público y lo dividen por dos. Ese es el tamaño óptimo de fuente.

Así que por favor observe la regla de 10/20/30 de PowerPoint. Por lo menos, la próxima vez que alguien en su público se queja de la pérdida de la audición, zumbido o vértigo, usted sabrá qué causó el problema.

Ver también: https://www.businessstudent.com/topics/how-to-present-and-pitch/

Via: Traducido por Pablo Quiroga, con ayuda del traductor de Google

The Six Steps of Leadership (Plus Courage)

This interview with G.J. Hart, executive chairman, C.E.O. and president of California Pizza Kitchen, was conducted and condensed by Adam Bryant.

Librado Romero/The New York Times 
G. J. Hart, the executive chairman, C.E.O. and president of California Pizza Kitchen.

Q. What was the first time you were somebody’s boss?

A. We’d have to go all the way back to when I was head of a bunch of umpires in Little League. We were all teenagers.

Q. Was that easy for you?

A. I’ve always taken control of situations. If you were to ask me why that is, I’m not really sure. I think it’s because I just want what I want and I feel like someone has to take the lead. I’ve always done that. I’ve been captain of every sports team I’ve ever been on. And as I’ve moved into new roles, failure has never been an option for me. It’s like I always have this person on my shoulder sort of invoking the fear factor, that I can’t fail.

Q. Where do you think that comes from?

A. Our family came to America from the Netherlands when I was young, and I had to work that much harder in any situation. I had to learn English. I had to try that much harder to be a normal kid. I went to a pretty affluent high school where the kids’ parents were doctors and lawyers, and I’m a cop’s kid. Also, I’ve always wanted to make a difference in people’s lives and in an organization.

Q. Tell me about some leadership lessons you’ve learned.

A. I worked at a poultry processing plant during college. I worked my way up, and became general manager of the plant when I was 21, overseeing 500 people. I had done pretty much every role in the operation. That was a big advantage — knowing and living what people do every day. That allows me to understand people and help them grow. I like to say that leadership is about getting people to exceed their own expectations. You can’t do that unless you understand what they do and how they do it, having lived some of it yourself.

Q. How do you feel your leadership style has evolved?

A. One thing I’ve learned over time is a lot more patience and tolerance. I used to always want things yesterday and would be very anxious about moving things along faster. But now I understand that tomorrow’s another day and that things will move along. I think more about whether something really matters and how it will make a difference, versus thinking that everything matters and everything makes a difference. It’s also much clearer to me now what the leadership qualities are that are most important to me.

Q. Can you elaborate?

A. I call them the six steps of leadership, surrounded by courage. Courage is an interesting one because any leadership role is about stepping out and having the courage to be different, because you have to be different to be a leader.

The first step is to be the very best that you can be, because you can’t lead anybody if you can’t lead yourself. So you have to be honest with yourself about your good qualities, your bad qualities and the things you need to work on.

The second thing is to dream, and dream big. What’s the world of possibilities for yourself and for your organization? You have to be able to say, “Here’s where I want to get to.” It’s not that you’ll ever necessarily get there, but if you don’t dream, you’ll never even get started.

The third is to lead with your heart first. Let people see that you’re human and that there’s a human side. Show people that you have compassion. It doesn’t mean that you don’t set expectations and standards. But if you lead with your heart, people figure out whether you’re genuine, whether you’re real.

The fourth thing can be the hardest for young leaders: to trust the people you lead. It’s about letting go, and allowing people to grow into leadership roles. At the end of the day, it’s O.K. if they make a mistake or if they fall down. Because as leaders, it’s your job to pick them back up.

The fifth is do the right thing, always. It’s easy to say. But the way I like to describe it is that if the rules say one thing, particularly as it relates to people, and you genuinely believe in that person, sometimes it takes courage to do the right thing and give that person a second chance. Because we’ve all made mistakes and somebody picked us up.

The sixth is that it’s ultimately about serving the people you lead. It’s about putting the cause before yourself, and a willingness to see it through. I developed this list over time because it’s the way I live each day. My job is to lead and to make a difference. I’m a catalyst for change, to create an environment where people can grow and prosper.

Q. Let’s shift to hiring. What questions do you ask?

A. I’ll ask unpredictable questions like, “What do you like to do for fun?” That gives you an insight into what people do with their time and what they value. But more than anything else, I hire for attitude. Skills can be learned. I’ll take attitude any day over a good skill set.

Q. How do you get insights into their attitude?

A. I’ll ask questions like: “What’s important to you? Why is it important?” Or I’ll push the résumé to the side and say: “Let’s just have a conversation about you. Tell me about yourself.” You learn a lot. If they start with where they were born, then that person is probably what I call a checklist manager who needs to be told what to do, compared to somebody who just says, “this is the type of person I am, and here’s what’s important to me.”

A lot of interviewing, quite frankly, is based on experience, gut, what makes sense, and what’s in their eyes. What are they feeling? How will they react? You know there will be tension, and there will be politics if you’re not careful. So will this person create that kind of environment or will they be part of the environment and help build a partnership? I’m a believer in partnerships, that we’re in it together. So you have to find people who will be collaborative. It doesn’t mean they can’t be strong leaders, Type A personalities. But will they act as a partner? I think you can get at that with the right kind of questions, and asking about their experiences in certain situations.